Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2

科研成果详情

题名	Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
作者	Abbafati, Cristiana 1,109,244; Abbas, Kaja M.2,109,244; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen 3,109,244; Abd-Allah, Foad 4,109,244; Abdelalim, Ahmed 4,109,244; Abdollahi, Mohammad 5,6,109,244; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim 7,109,244; Abegaz, Kedir Hussein 8,9,109,244; Abolhassani, Hassan 10,11,109,244; Aboyans, Victor 12,13,109,244; Abreu, Lucas Guimarães 14,109,244; Abrigo, Michael R.M.15,109,244; Abualhasan, Ahmed 4,109,244; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal 16,109,244; Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.17,18,109,244; Adabi, Maryam 19,109,244; Adekanmbi, Victor 20,109,244; Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood 21,22,109,244; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.23,24,109,244; Adham, Davoud 25,109,244; Advani, Shailesh M.26,27,109,244; Afshin, Ashkan 28,109,244; Agarwal, Gina 30,109,244; Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem 31,109,244; Agrawal, Anurag 32,33,109,244; Ahmad, Tauseef 34,109,244; Ahmadi, Keivan 35,109,244; Ahmadi, Mehdi 36,37,109,244; Ahmadieh, Hamid 38,39,109,244; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir 40,41,109,244; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie 42,109,244; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola 43,44,109,244; Akinyemiju, Tomi 45,46,109,244; Akombi, Blessing 47,109,244; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet 48,49,109,244; Alahdab, Fares 50,109,244; Al-Aly, Ziyad 51,52,109,244; Alam, Khurshid 53,109,244; Alam, Samiah 54,109,244; Alam, Tahiya 29,109,244; Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour 55,109,244; Alanzi, Turki M.56,109,244; Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun 57,58,109,244; Alhabib, Khalid F.59,109,244; Ali, Muhammad 60,109,244; Ali, Saqib 61,109,244; Alicandro, Gianfranco 62,109,244; Alinia, Cyrus 63,109,244; Alipour, Vahid 64,65,109,244; Alizade, Hesam 66,109,244; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed 67,68,109,244; Alla, François 69,109,244; Allebeck, Peter 70,109,244; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir 71,109,244; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.72,73,109,244; Alonso, Jordi 74,75,109,244; Altirkawi, Khalid A.76,109,244; Amini-Rarani, Mostafa 77,109,244; Amiri, Fatemeh 78,109,244; Amugsi, Dickson A.79,109,244; Ancuceanu, Robert 80,109,244; Anderlini, Deanna 81,109,244; Anderson, Jason A.29,109,244; Andrei, Catalina Liliana 82,109,244; Andrei, Tudorel 83,109,244; Angus, Colin 84,109,244; Anjomshoa, Mina 85,109,244; Ansari, Fereshteh 86,87,109,244; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza 88,109,244; Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo 89,109,244; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.90,91,109,244; Antony, Catherine M.29,109,244; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz 92,109,244; Anvari, Davood 93,94,109,244; Anwer, Razique 95,109,244; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw 96,97,109,244; Arabloo, Jalal 65,109,244; Arab-Zozani, Morteza 98,109,244; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.29,99,109,244; Ariani, Filippo 100,109,244; Armoon, Bahram 101,102,109,244; Ärnlöv, Johan 103,104,109,244; Arzani, Afsaneh 105,106,109,244; Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran 107,109,244; Asadi-Pooya, Ali A.108,109,244; Ashbaugh, Charlie 29,109,244; Assmus, Michael 29,109,244; Atafar, Zahra 109,110,244; Atnafu, Desta Debalkie 109,111,244; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi 109,112,244; Ausloos, Floriane 109,113,244; Ausloos, Marcel 83,109,114,244; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina 109,115,244; Ayano, Getinet 109,116,244; Ayanore, Martin Amogre 109,117,244; Azari, Samad 65,109,244; Azarian, Ghasem 109,118,244; Azene, Zelalem Nigussie 109,119,244; Badawi, Alaa 109,120,121,244; Badiye, Ashish D.109,122,244; Bahrami, Mohammad Amin 109,123,244; Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein 109,124,244; Bakhtiari, Ahad 109,125,244; Bakkannavar, Shankar M.109,126,244; Baldasseroni, Alberto 109,127,244; Ball, Kylie 109,128,244; Ballew, Shoshana H.109,129,244; Balzi, Daniela 109,130,244; Banach, Maciej 109,131,132,244; Banerjee, Srikanta K.109,133,244; Bante, Agegnehu Bante 109,134,244; Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher 42,109,244; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn 109,135,244; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried 109,136,137,244; Barrero, Lope H.109,138,244; Barthelemy, Celine M.29,109,244; Barua, Lingkan 109,139,244; Basu, Sanjay 109,140,141,244; Baune, Bernhard T.109,142,143,244; Bayati, Mohsen 109,144,244; Becker, Jacob S.109,145,244; Bedi, Neeraj 109,146,147,244; Beghi, Ettore 109,148,244; Béjot, Yannick 109,149,150,244; Bell, Michelle L.109,151,244; Bennitt, Fiona B.29,109,244; Bensenor, Isabela M.109,152,244; Berhe, Kidanemaryam 109,153,244; Berman, Adam E.109,154,244; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth 109,155,156,244; Bhageerathy, Reshmi 109,157,158,244; Bhala, Neeraj 109,159,160,244; Bhandari, Dinesh 109,161,162,244; Bhattacharyya, Krittika 109,163,164,244; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.109,165,166,244; Bijani, Ali 109,167,244; Bikbov, Boris 109,168,244; Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat 109,169,170,244; Biondi, Antonio 109,171,244; Birihane, Binyam Minuye 109,172,173,244; Bisignano, Catherine 29,109,244; Biswas, Raaj Kishore 109,174,244; Bitew, Helen 109,175,244; Bohlouli, Somayeh 109,176,244; Bohluli, Mehdi 109,177,178,244; Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S.29,109,244; Borges, Guilherme 109,179,244; Borzì, Antonio Maria 109,180,244; Borzouei, Shiva 109,181,244; Bosetti, Cristina 109,182,244; Boufous, Soufiane 109,174,244; Braithwaite, Dejana 109,183,244; Brauer, Michael 109,184,244; Breitborde, Nicholas J.K.109,185,186,244; Breitner, Susanne 109,187,188,244; Brenner, Hermann 109,189,244; Briant, Paul Svitil 29,109,244; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich 109,190,244; Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich 109,191,244; Britton, Gabrielle B.109,192,244; Bryazka, Dana 29,109,244; Bumgarner, Blair R.29,109,244; Burkart, Katrin 29,109,244; Burnett, Richard Thomas 109,193,244; Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath 109,194,244; Butt, Zahid A.109,195,196,244; Caetano Dos Santos, Florentino Luciano 109,197,244; Cahill, Leah E.109,198,244; Cámera, Luis Alberto 109,199,244; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.109,200,244; Cárdenas, Rosario 109,201,244; Carreras, Giulia 109,202,244; Carrero, Juan J.109,203,244; Carvalho, Felix 109,204,244; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio 109,205,244; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.109,206,207,244; Castelpietra, Giulio 109,208,209,244; Castro, Franz 109,210,244; Causey, Kate 29,109,244; Cederroth, Christopher R.109,211,212,244; Cercy, Kelly M.29,109,244; Cerin, Ester 109,213,244; Chandan, Joht Singh 109,160,244; Chang, Kai-Lan 109,214,215,244; Charlson, Fiona J.109,216,244; Chattu, Vijay Kumar 109,217,244; Chaturvedi, Sarika 109,218,244; Cherbuin, Nicolas 109,219,244; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel 109,220,244; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan 109,221,244; Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine 109,222,244; Christensen, Hanne 109,223,244; Chu, Dinh-Toi 109,224,244; Chung, Michael T.109,225,244; Chung, Sheng-Chia 109,226,227,244; Cicuttini, Flavia M.109,228,244; Ciobanu, Liliana G.109,229,230,244; Cirillo, Massimo 109,231,244; Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne 109,232,233,244; Cohen, Aaron J.109,234,244; Compton, Kelly 29,109,244; Cooper, Owen R.109,214,235,244; Costa, Vera Marisa 109,204,244; Cousin, Ewerton 109,236,244; Cowden, Richard G.109,237,244; Cross, Di H.109,238,244; Cruz, Jessica A.29,109,244; Dahlawi, Saad M.A.109,239,244; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura 109,240,244; Damiani, Giovanni 109,241,242,244; Dandona, Lalit 28,29,109,244; Dandona, Rakhi 29,109,244; Dangel, William James 29,109,244; Danielsson, Anna-Karin 70,109,244; Dargan, Paul I.44,109,243,244; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad 109,244,245; Daryani, Ahmad 109,244,246; Das, Jai K.109,244,247; Das Gupta, Rajat 109,244,248,249; das Neves, José 109,244,250,251; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto 109,244,252; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil 109,244,253,254; De Leo, Diego 109,244,255; Degenhardt, Louisa 29,109,244,256; DeLang, Marissa 109,145,244; Dellavalle, Robert Paul 109,244,257,258; Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen 109,244,259; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam 109,244,260; Demsie, Desalegn Getnet 109,244,261; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar 109,244,262; Dervenis, Nikolaos 109,244,263,264; Dhungana, Govinda Prasad 109,244,265; Dianatinasab, Mostafa 109,244,266; Dias da Silva, Diana 109,244,267; Diaz, Daniel 109,244,268; Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat 109,244,269; Djalalinia, Shirin 109,244,270; Do, Hoa Thi 109,244,271; Dokova, Klara 109,244,272; Dorostkar, Fariba 109,244,273; Doshmangir, Leila 109,244,274; Driscoll, Tim Robert 109,244,275; Duncan, Bruce B.109,236,244; Duraes, Andre Rodrigues 109,244,276,277; Eagan, Arielle Wilder 109,244,278,279; Edvardsson, David 109,244,280,281; El Nahas, Nevine 109,244,282; El Sayed, Iman 109,244,283; El Tantawi, Maha 109,244,284; Elbarazi, Iffat 109,244,285; Elgendy, Islam Y.109,244,286; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.4,109,244; Elyazar, Iqbal R.F.109,244,287; Emmons-Bell, Sophia 29,109,244; Erskine, Holly E.109,244,288,289; Eskandarieh, Sharareh 109,244,290; Esmaeilnejad, Saman 109,244,291,292; Esteghamati, Alireza 109,244,293; Estep, Kara 29,109,244; Etemadi, Arash 109,244,294; Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas 109,244,295; Fanzo, Jessica 109,244,296; Farahmand, Mohammad 109,244,297; Fareed, Mohammad 109,244,298; Faridnia, Roghiyeh 109,244,299; Farioli, Andrea 109,244,300; Faro, Andre 109,244,301; Faruque, Mithila 109,139,244; Farzadfar, Farshad 109,244,302; Fattahi, Nazir 109,244,303; Fazlzadeh, Mehdi 109,244,304,305; Feigin, Valery L.29,109,244,306; Feldman, Rachel 29,109,244; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad 109,244,307,308; Fernandes, Eduarda 109,244,309; Ferrara, Giannina 29,109,244; Ferrari, Alize J.29,109,244,288; Ferreira, Manuela L.109,244,310; Filip, Irina 109,244,311,312; Fischer, Florian 109,244,313; Fisher, James L.109,244,314; Flor, Luisa Sorio 109,244,315; Foigt, Nataliya A.109,244,316; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin 109,244,317; Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich 109,244,318; Force, Lisa M.109,244,319; Foroutan, Masoud 109,244,320; Franklin, Richard Charles 109,244,321; Freitas, Marisa 109,244,309; Fu, Weijia 29,109,244; Fukumoto, Takeshi 109,244,322; Furtado, João M.109,244,323; Gad, Mohamed M.109,244,324,325; Gakidou, Emmanuela 28,29,109,244; Gallus, Silvano 109,244,326; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.109,244,327,328; Gardner, William M.29,109,244; Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle 109,244,329; Ayalew Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew 109,244,330; Geremew, Abraham 109,244,331; Gershberg Hayoon, Anna 29,109,244; Gething, Peter W.109,244,332,333; Ghadimi, Maryam 109,244,334; Ghadiri, Keyghobad 109,244,335,336; Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh 109,244,337; Ghafourifard, Mansour 109,244,338; Ghamari, Farhad 109,244,339; Ghashghaee, Ahmad 109,244,340; Ghiasvand, Hesam 109,244,341; Ghith, Nermin 109,244,342; Gholamian, Asadollah 109,244,343,344; Ghosh, Rakesh 109,244,345; Gill, Paramjit Singh 109,244,346; Ginindza, Themba G.109,244,347,348; Giussani, Giorgia 109,244,349; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.109,244,350; Goharinezhad, Salime 107,109,244; Gopalani, Sameer Vali 109,244,351,352; Gorini, Giuseppe 109,244,353; Goudarzi, Houman 109,244,354,355; Goulart, Alessandra C.109,244,356; Greaves, Felix 109,244,357,358; Grivna, Michal 109,244,359,360; Grosso, Giuseppe 109,244,361; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen 109,244,362; Gugnani, Harish Chander 109,244,363,364; Guimarães, Rafael Alves 109,244,365; Guled, Rashid Abdi 109,244,366; Guo, Gaorui 29,109,244; Guo, Yuming 109,244,367,368; Gupta, Rajeev 109,244,369,370,371,372; Gupta, Tarun 109,244,373; Haddock, Beatrix 29,109,244; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima 109,244,334,374; Hafiz, Abdul 109,244,375,376; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin 109,244,334; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya 109,244,377,378; Hall, Brian J.109,244,379; Halvaei, Iman 109,244,380; Hamadeh, Randah R.109,244,381; Hamidi, Samer 109,244,382; Hammer, Melanie S.109,244,383,384; Hankey, Graeme J.109,244,385,386; Haririan, Hamidreza 109,244,387; Haro, Josep Maria 109,244,388,389; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.109,244,390; Hasan, Md Mehedi 109,244,391,392; Hasanpoor, Edris 109,244,393; Hashi, Abdiwahab 109,244,394; Hassanipour, Soheil 109,244,395,396; Hassankhani, Hadi 109,244,397; Havmoeller, Rasmus J.109,244; Hay, Simon I.28,29,109,244; Hayat, Khezar 109,244; Heidari, Golnaz 109,244; Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza 109,244; Henrikson, Hannah J.29,109,244; Herbert, Molly E.29,109,244; Herteliu, Claudiu 83,109,244; Heydarpour, Fatemeh 109,244; Hird, Thomas R.109,244; Hoek, Hans W.109,244; Holla, Ramesh 109,244; Hoogar, Praveen 109,244; Hosgood, H. Dean 109,244; Hossain, Naznin 109,244; Hosseini, Mostafa 109,244; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi 109,244; Hostiuc, Mihaela 109,244; Hostiuc, Sorin 109,244; Househ, Mowafa 109,244; Hsairi, Mohamed 109,244; Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong 109,244; Hu, Guoqing 109,244; Hu, Kejia 109,244; Huda, Tanvir M.109,244,275; Humayun, Ayesha 109,244; Huynh, Chantal K.29,109,244; Hwang, Bing-Fang 109,244; Iannucci, Vincent C.29,109,244; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel 109,244; Ikeda, Nayu 109,244; Ikuta, Kevin S.109,244; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen 109,244; Ilic, Irena M.109,244; Ilic, Milena D.109,244; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja 109,244; Ippolito, Helen 29,109,244; Iqbal, Usman 109,244; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi 109,244; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter 29,109,244; Islam, M. Mofizul 109,244; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful 109,244; Iso, Hiroyasu 109,244; Ivers, Rebecca Q.47,109,244; Iwu, Chidozie C.D.109,244; Iwu, Chinwe Juliana 109,244; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi 109,244; Jaafari, Jalil 109,244; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.109,244; Jafari, Hussain 29,109,244; Jafarinia, Morteza 109,244; Jahani, Mohammad Ali 109,167,244; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo 109,244; Jalilian, Farzad 109,110,244; James, Spencer L.29,109,244; Janjani, Hosna 109,244,304; Javaheri, Tahereh 109,244; Javidnia, Javad 109,244; Jeemon, Panniyammakal 109,244; Jenabi, Ensiyeh 109,244; Jha, Ravi Prakash 109,244; Jha, Vivekanand 109,244; Ji, John S.109,244; Johansson, Lars 109,244; John, Oommen 109,244; John-Akinola, Yetunde O.109,244; Johnson, Catherine Owens 29,109,244; Jonas, Jost B.109,244; Joukar, Farahnaz 109,244,396; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy 109,244; Jürisson, Mikk 109,244; Kabir, Ali 109,244; Kabir, Zubair 109,244; Kalani, Hamed 109,244; Kalani, Rizwan 109,244; Kalankesh, Leila R.109,244; Kalhor, Rohollah 109,244; Kanchan, Tanuj 109,244; Kapoor, Neeti 109,122,244; Matin, Behzad Karami 109,244,303; Karch, André 109,244; Karim, Mohd Anisul 109,244; Kassa, Getachew Mullu 109,244; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal 109,244; Kayode, Gbenga A.109,244; Kazemi Karyani, Ali 109,244,303; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga 109,244; Keller, Cathleen 29,109,244; Kemmer, Laura 29,109,244; Kendrick, Parkes J.29,109,244; Khalid, Nauman 109,244; Khammarnia, Mohammad 109,244; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad 109,244; Khan, Maseer 109,244; Khatab, Khaled 109,244; Khater, Mona M.109,244; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli 109,244; Khayamzadeh, Maryam 109,244; Khazaei, Salman 109,244; Kieling, Christian 109,244; Kim, Yun Jin 109,244; Kimokoti, Ruth W.109,244; Kisa, Adnan 109,244; Kisa, Sezer 109,244; Kivimäki, Mika 109,244; Knibbs, Luke D.109,244,288; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo 109,244; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.109,244; Kochhar, Sonali 109,244; Kopec, Jacek A.109,244; Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich 109,191,244; Koul, Parvaiz A.109,244; Koyanagi, Ai 109,244; Kraemer, Moritz U.G.109,244; Krishan, Kewal 109,244; Krohn, Kris J.29,109,244; Kromhout, Hans 109,244; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy 109,244; Kumar, G. Anil 109,244; Kumar, Vivek 109,244; Kurmi, Om P.109,244; Kusuma, Dian 109,244; La Vecchia, Carlo 109,244; Lacey, Ben 109,244; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar 109,244; Lalloo, Ratilal 109,244; Lallukka, Tea 109,244; Lami, Faris Hasan 109,244; Landires, Iván 109,244; Lang, Justin J.109,244; Langan, Sinéad M.109,244; Larsson, Anders O.109,244; Lasrado, Savita 109,244; Lauriola, Paolo 109,244; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.109,244; Lee, Paul H.109,244; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey 109,244; Legrand, Kate E.29,109,244; Leigh, James 109,244; Leonardi, Matilde 109,244; Lescinsky, Haley 29,109,244; Leung, Janni 109,244; Levi, Miriam 109,130,244; Li, Shanshan 109,228,244; Lim, Lee-Ling 109,244; Linn, Shai 109,244; Liu, Shiwei 109,244; Liu, Simin 109,244; Liu, Yang 109,244; Lo, Justin 29,109,244; Lopez, Alan D.28,29,109,244; Lopez, Jaifred Christian F.109,244; Lopukhov, Platon D.109,191,244; Lorkowski, Stefan 109,244; Lotufo, Paulo A.109,244; Lu, Alton 29,109,244; Lugo, Alessandra 109,244,326; Maddison, Emilie R.109,128,244; Mahasha, Phetole Walter 109,244; Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi 109,244; Mahmoudi, Morteza 109,244; Majeed, Azeem 109,244,357; Maleki, Afshin 109,244; Maleki, Shokofeh 109,244; Malekzadeh, Reza 109,244; Malta, Deborah Carvalho 109,244; Mamun, Abdullah A.109,244,392; Manda, Ana Laura 109,244; Manguerra, Helena 29,109,244; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz 109,244,395,396; Mansouri, Borhan 109,244; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali 109,244; Mantilla Herrera, Ana M.109,244; Maravilla, Joemer C.109,244,392; Marks, Ashley 29,109,244; Martin, Randall V.109,244,384; Martini, Santi 109,244; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio 109,244; Masaka, Anthony 109,244; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra 109,244; Mathur, Manu Raj 109,244; Matsushita, Kunihiro 109,129,244; Maulik, Pallab K.109,244; McAlinden, Colm 109,244; McGrath, John J.109,244; McKee, Martin 109,244; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan 109,244; Mehri, Fereshteh 109,244; Mehta, Kala M.109,244; Memish, Ziad A.109,244; Mendoza, Walter 109,244; Menezes, Ritesh G.109,244; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku 109,244; Mereke, Alibek 109,244; Mereta, Seid Tiku 109,244; Meretoja, Atte 109,244; Meretoja, Tuomo J.109,244; Mestrovic, Tomislav 109,244; Miazgowski, Bartosz 109,244; Miazgowski, Tomasz 109,244; Michalek, Irmina Maria 109,244; Miller, Ted R.109,244; Mills, Edward J.109,244; Mini G.K.109,244; Miri, Mohammad 109,244; Mirica, Andreea 83,109,244; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.109,244; Mirzaei, Hamed 109,244; Mirzaei, Maryam 109,244; Mirzaei, Roya 109,244; Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi 109,110,244; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen 28,29,109,244; Mithra, Prasanna 109,244; Moazen, Babak 109,244; Mohammad, Dara K.109,244; Mohammad, Yousef 109,244; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser 109,244; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah 109,244; Mohammadifard, Noushin 109,244; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza 109,244; Mohammed, Ammas Siraj 109,244; Mohammed, Hussen 109,244; Mohammed, Jemal Abdu 109,244; Mohammed, Shafiu 109,244; Mokdad, Ali H.28,29,109,244; Molokhia, Mariam 109,243,244; Monasta, Lorenzo 109,244; Mooney, Meghan D.29,109,244; Moradi, Ghobad 109,244; Moradi, Masoud 109,244,303; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar 107,109,244; Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah 71,109,244; Moraga, Paula 109,244; Morawska, Lidia 109,244; Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana 109,244; Morrison, Shane Douglas 109,244; Mosapour, Abbas 109,244; Mosser, Jonathan F.29,109,244; Mouodi, Simin 109,167,244; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam 109,125,244; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi 109,244; Mueller, Ulrich Otto 109,244; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath 109,244; Mullany, Erin C.29,109,244; Musa, Kamarul Imran 109,244; Muthupandian, Saravanan 109,244; Nabhan, Ashraf F.109,244; Naderi, Mehdi 109,244; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman 109,244; Nagel, Gabriele 109,244; Naghavi, Mohsen 28,29,109,244; Naghshtabrizi, Behshad 109,244; Naimzada, Mukhammad David 109,244; Najafi, Farid 109,244; Nangia, Vinay 109,244; Nansseu, Jobert Richie 109,244; Naserbakht, Morteza 109,244; Nayak, Vinod C.109,126,244; Negoi, Ionut 109,244,253; Ngunjiri, Josephine W.109,244; Nguyen, Cuong Tat 109,244; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi 109,244; Nguyen, Ming 29,109,244; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.109,244; Nikbakhsh, Rajan 109,244,377; Nixon, Molly R.29,109,244; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.109,244; Nomura, Shuhei 109,244; Norrving, Bo 109,244; Noubiap, Jean Jacques 109,244; Nowak, Christoph 103,109,244; Nunez-Samudio, Virginia 109,244; Oancea, Bogdan 109,244; Odell, Christopher M.29,109,244; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene 109,244; Oh, In-Hwan 109,244; Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera 109,244; Oladnabi, Morteza 109,244; Olagunju, Andrew T.109,244; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola 109,244; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun 109,244; Omer, Muktar Omer 109,244,394; Ong, Kanyin L.29,109,244; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.109,244; Orpana, Heather M.109,244; Ortiz, Alberto 109,244; Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo 109,244; Osei, Frank B.109,244; Ostroff, Samuel M.29,109,244; Otoiu, Adrian 83,109,244; Otstavnov, Nikita 109,244; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.109,244; Øverland, Simon 109,244; Owolabi, Mayowa O.109,244; Mahesh P.A.109,244; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao 109,244; Palladino, Raffaele 109,231,244; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra 109,244; Pandey, Anamika 109,244; Parry, Charles D. H.109,244; Pasovic, Maja 29,109,244; Pasupula, Deepak Kumar 109,244; Patel, Sangram Kishor 109,244; Pathak, Mona 109,244; Patten, Scott B.109,244; Patton, George C.109,244; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki 109,244; Peden, Amy E.47,109,244,321; Pennini, Alyssa 29,109,244; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino 109,244; Peprah, Emmanuel K.109,244; Pereira, David M.109,244,309; Pesudovs, Konrad 109,244; Pham, Hai Quang 109,244; Phillips, Michael R.109,244; Piccinelli, Cristiano 109,244; Pilz, Tessa M.29,109,244; Piradov, Michael A.109,244; Pirsaheb, Meghdad 109,244,303; Plass, Dietrich 109,244; Polinder, Suzanne 109,244; Polkinghorne, Kevan R.109,244; Pond, Constance Dimity 109,244; Postma, Maarten J.109,244; Pourjafar, Hadi 109,244; Pourmalek, Farshad 109,184,244; Poznañska, Anna 109,244; Prada, Sergio I.109,244; Prakash V.109,244; Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga 109,244; Pupillo, Elisabetta 109,148,244; Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi 109,244; Rabiee, Mohammad 109,244; Rabiee, Navid 109,244; Radfar, Amir 109,244; Rafiee, Ata 109,244; Raggi, Alberto 109,244; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz 109,244,280; Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali 109,244; Rajati, Fatemeh 109,244,303; Rakovac, Ivo 109,244; Ram, Pradhum 109,244; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana 109,244; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal 109,244; Rao, Puja C.29,109,244; Rao, Sowmya J.109,244; Rashedi, Vahid 109,244; Rathi, Priya 109,244; Rawaf, David Laith 109,244; Rawaf, Salman 109,244; Rawal, Lal 109,244; Rawassizadeh, Reza 109,244; Rawat, Ramu 109,244; Razo, Christian 29,109,244; Redford, Sofia Boston 29,109,244; Reiner, Robert C.28,29,109,244; Reitsma, Marissa Bettay 29,109,244; Remuzzi, Giuseppe 109,168,244; Renjith, Vishnu 109,244; Renzaho, Andre M.N.109,244; Resnikoff, Serge 109,244; Rezaei, Negar 10,109,244; Rezaei, Nima 109,244,293,302; Rezapour, Aziz 65,109,244; Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne 29,109,244; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad 109,244; Ribeiro, Daniel Cury 109,244; Ribeiro, Daniela 109,244; Rickard, Jennifer 109,244; Rivera, Juan A.109,244; Roberts, Nicholas L.S.29,109,244; Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia 109,244,262; Roever, Leonardo 109,244; Ronfani, Luca 109,244; Room, Robin 109,244; Roshandel, Gholamreza 109,244; Roth, Gregory A.109,244; Rothenbacher, Dietrich 109,244; Rubagotti, Enrico 109,244; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.109,244; Sabour, Siamak 109,244; Sachdev, Perminder S.109,244; Saddik, Basema 109,244; Sadeghi, Ehsan 109,244,303; Sadeghi, Masoumeh 109,244; Saeedi, Reza 109,244; Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar 109,244,302; Safari, Yahya 109,244,303; Safi, Sare 109,244; Safiri, Saeid 109,244; Sagar, Rajesh 109,244; Sahebkar, Amirhossein 109,244; Sajadi, S. Mohammad 109,244; Salam, Nasir 109,244; Salamati, Payman 109,244; Salem, Hosni 109,244; Salem, Marwa R.109,244; Salimzadeh, Hamideh 109,244; Salman, Omar Mukhtar 109,244; Salomon, Joshua A.109,244; Samad, Zainab 109,244; Samadi Kafil, Hossein 109,244; Sambala, Evanson Zondani 109,244; Samy, Abdallah M.109,244; Sanabria, Juan 109,244; Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G.109,244; Santomauro, Damian Francesco 109,244; Santos, Itamar S.109,152,244,356; Santos, João Vasco 109,244; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.109,244; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer 109,244; Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo 109,244; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal 109,244; Sartorius, Benn 109,244; Sarveazad, Arash 109,244; Sathian, Brijesh 109,244; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu 109,244; Sattin, Davide 109,244; Saxena, Sonia 109,244; Schaeffer, Lauren E.29,109,244; Schiavolin, Silvia 109,244; Schlaich, Markus P.109,244; Schmidt, Maria Inês 109,236,244; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth 109,244; Schwebel, David C.109,244; Schwendicke, Falk 109,244; Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta 109,244; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian 109,244; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.109,244; Serdar, Berrin 109,244; Serre, Marc L.109,244; Shadid, Jamileh 29,109,244,288; Shafaat, Omid 109,244,334; Shahabi, Saeed 109,244; Shaheen, Amira A.109,244; Shaikh, Masood Ali 109,244; Shalash, Ali S.109,244,282; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran 109,244; Shamsizadeh, Morteza 109,244; Sharafi, Kiomars 109,244,303; Sheikh, Aziz 109,244; Sheikhtaheri, Abbas 109,244; Shibuya, Kenji 109,244; Shield, Kevin David 109,244; Shigematsu, Mika 109,244; Shin, Jae Il 109,244; Shin, Min-Jeong 109,244; Shiri, Rahman 109,244; Shirkoohi, Reza 109,244; Shuval, Kerem 109,244; Siabani, Soraya 109,244; Sierpinski, Radoslaw 109,244; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora 109,244; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig 109,244; Silva, João Pedro 109,204,244; Simpson, Kyle E.29,109,244; Singh, Jasvinder A.109,244; Singh, Pushpendra 109,244; Skiadaresi, Eirini 109,244; Skou, Søren T.109,244; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich 109,244; Smith, Emma U.R.109,244; Soheili, Amin 109,244; Soltani, Shahin 109,244,303; Soofi, Moslem 109,110,244; Sorensen, Reed J. D.109,244; Soriano, Joan B.109,244; Sorrie, Muluken Bekele 109,244; Soshnikov, Sergey 109,244; Soyiri, Ireneous N.109,244; Spencer, Cory N.29,109,244; Spotin, Adel 109,244; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.109,244; Srinivasan, Vinay 109,244; Stanaway, Jeffrey D.28,29,109,244; Stein, Caroline 109,236,244; Stein, Dan J.109,244; Steiner, Caitlyn 29,109,244; Stockfelt, Leo 109,244; Stokes, Mark A.109,244; Straif, Kurt 109,244; Stubbs, Jacob L.109,244; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale 109,244; Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul 109,244; Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan 109,244; Sulo, Gerhard 109,244; Sultan, Iyad 109,244; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael 109,244; Tabb, Karen M.109,244; Tabuchi, Takahiro 109,244; Taherkhani, Amir 109,244; Tajdini, Masih 109,244; Takahashi, Ken 109,244; Takala, Jukka S.109,244; Tamiru, Animut Tagele 109,244; Taveira, Nuno 109,244; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash 109,244; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani 76,109,244; Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn 42,109,244; Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse 42,109,244; Thurston, George D.109,244; Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna 109,244; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza 109,244; Tonelli, Marcello 109,244; Topor-Madry, Roman 109,244; Topouzis, Fotis 109,244; Torre, Anna E.29,109,244; Touvier, Mathilde 109,244; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto 109,244; Tran, Bach Xuan 109,244; Travillian, Ravensara 29,109,244; Tsatsakis, Aristidis 109,244; Tudor Car, Lorainne 109,244; Tyrovolas, Stefanos 109,244; Uddin, Riaz 109,244; Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David 109,244; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran 109,244; Upadhyay, Era 109,244; Vacante, Marco 109,171,244; Valdez, Pascual R.109,244; van Donkelaar, Aaron 109,244,383,384; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani 109,244; Vasseghian, Yasser 109,244,303; Veisani, Yousef 109,244; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy 109,244; Violante, Francesco S.109,244; Vlassov, Vasily 109,244; Vollset, Stein Emil 29,109,244; Vos, Theo 29,109,244; Vukovic, Rade 109,244; Waheed, Yasir 109,244; Wallin, Mitchell Taylor 109,244; Wang, Yafeng 109,244; Wang, Yuan-Pang 109,244; Watson, Alexandrea 29,109,244; Wei, Jingkai 109,244; Wei, Melissa Y. Wei 109,244; Weintraub, Robert G.109,244; Weiss, Jordan 109,244; Werdecker, Andrea 109,244; West, J. Jason 109,145,244; Westerman, Ronny 109,244; Whisnant, Joanna L.29,109,244; Whiteford, Harvey A.29,109,244,288; Wiens, Kirsten E.29,109,244; Wolfe, Charles D. A.109,244; Wozniak, Sarah S.29,109,244; Wu, Ai-Min 109,244; Wu, Junjie 29,109,244; Wulf Hanson, Sarah 29,109,244; Xu, Gelin 109,244; Xu, Rixing 29,109,244; Yadgir, Simon 29,109,244; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein 109,244; Yamagishi, Kazumasa 109,244; Yaminfirooz, Mousa 109,244; Yano, Yuichiro 109,244; Yaya, Sanni 109,244; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid 109,244; Yeheyis, Tomas Y.109,244; Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo 109,244; Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu 109,244; Yip, Paul 109,244; Yonemoto, Naohiro 109,244; Younis, Mustafa Z.109,244; Younker, Theodore Patrick 109,244; Yousefi, Bahman 109,244; Yousefi, Zabihollah 109,244; Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh 109,244; Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf 109,244,394; Yu, Chuanhua 109,244; Yusefzadeh, Hasan 63,109,244; Moghadam, Telma Zahirian 109,244; Zamani, Mohammad 109,244; Zamanian, Maryam 71,109,244; Zandian, Hamed 109,244; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich 109,244; Zhang, Yunquan 109,244; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang 109,244; Zhao, Jeff T.29,109,244; Zhao, Xiu-Ju George 109,244; Zhao, Yingxi 109,244; Zheng, Peng 29,109,244; Zhou, Maigeng 109,244; Ziapour, Arash 109,244; Zimsen, Stephanie R. M.29,109,244; Lim, Stephen S.28,29,109,244; Murray, Christopher J.L.28,29,109,244
发表日期	2020-10-17
发表期刊	The Lancet 影响因子和分区
语种	英语
原始文献类型	Article
其他关键词	UNITED-STATES ; MORTALITY ; DISABILITY ; POLLUTION ; DIET
摘要	Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
资助项目	National Institutes of Health[MR/R024227/1];
出版者	ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
ISSN	0140-6736
EISSN	1474-547X
卷号	396 期号:10258 页码:1223-1249
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30752-2
页数	27
WOS类目	Medicine, General & Internal
WOS研究方向	General & Internal Medicine
WOS记录号	WOS:000579154000008
收录类别	SCOPUS ; SCIE
URL	查看原文
PubMed ID	33069327
SCOPUSEID	2-s2.0-85092451099
ESI热点论文	2021-05 ; 2021-07 ; 2021-09 ; 2021-11 ; 2022-01 ; 2022-03 ; 2022-07 ; 2022-09 ; 2022-11
ESI高被引论文	2021-05 ; 2021-07 ; 2021-11 ; 2022-01 ; 2022-03 ; 2022-07 ; 2022-09 ; 2022-11 ; 2023-01 ; 2023-03 ; 2023-05 ; 2023-07 ; 2023-09 ; 2023-11 ; 2024-01 ; 2024-03 ; 2024-05 ; 2024-07 ; 2024-09 ; 2024-11
自科自定义期刊分类	T1类
通讯作者地址	[Murray, Christopher J.L.]Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,University of Washington,Seattle,98195,United States
Scopus学科分类	Medicine (all)
TOP期刊	TOP期刊
引用统计	被引频次：771[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	https://kms.wmu.edu.cn/handle/3ETUA0LF/98521
专题	个人在本单位外知识产出
通讯作者	Murray, Christopher J.L.
作者单位	1.Department of Juridical and Economic Studies,La Sapienza University,Rome,Italy; 2.Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,London,United Kingdom; 3.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Tehran,Iran; 4.Department of Neurology,Cairo University,Cairo,Egypt; 5.School of Pharmacy,Tehran,Iran; 6.The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS),Tehran,Iran; 7.Neuroscience Research Center,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran; 8.Biostatistics Department,Near East University,Nicosia,Cyprus; 9.Biostatistics and Health Informatics,Madda Walabu University,Bale Robe,Ethiopia; 10.Research Center for Immunodeficiencies,Tehran,Iran; 11.Karolinska University Hospital,Huddinge,Sweden; 12.Department of Cardiology,Dupuytren University Hospital,Limoges,France; 13.University of Limoges,Limoges,France; 14.Department of Pediatric Dentistry,Federal University of Minas Gerais,Belo Horizonte,Brazil; 15.Department of Research,Philippine Institute for Development Studies,Quezon City,Philippines; 16.Department of Healthcare Policy and Research,Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar,Doha,Qatar; 17.Harvard Medical School,Boston,United States; 18.Department of Medicine,Ain Shams University,Cairo,Egypt; 19.Hamadan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran; 20.School of Medicine,Cardiff University,Cardiff,United Kingdom; 21.School of Laboratory Medicine and Science,University College Hospital,Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria; 22.Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases,University of Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria; 23.Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa; 24.Department of Global Health,Stellenbosch University,Cape Town,South Africa; 25.School of Health,Ardabil University of Medical Science,Ardabil,Iran; 26.Social Behavioral Research Branch,National Institute of Health,Bethesda,United States; 27.Department of Oncology,Georgetown University,Washington DC,United States; 28.Department of Health Metrics Sciences,School of Medicine,Seattle,United States; 29.Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation,Seattle,United States; 30.Department of Family Medicine,McMaster University,Hamilton,Canada; 31.Urology Research Center,Tehran,Iran; 32.Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology,Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,Delhi,India; 33.Internal Medicine,Baylor College of Medicine,Houston,United States; 34.Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics,Southeast University,Nanjing,China; 35.Lincoln Medical School,Universities of Nottingham and Lincoln,Lincoln,United Kingdom; 36.Environmental Health Engineering,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,Ahvaz,Iran; 37.Environmental Technologies Research Center,Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences,Ahvaz,Iran; 38.Department of Ophthalmology,Tehran,Iran; 39.Ophthalmic Research Center,Tehran,Iran; 40.Department of Epidemiology,Jimma University,Jimma,Ethiopia; 41.Australian Center for Precision Health,University of South Australia,Adelaide,Australia; 42.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,University of Gondar,Gondar,Ethiopia; 43.Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training,University of Ibadan,Ibadan,Nigeria; 44.Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,United Kingdom; 45.Department of Population Health Sciences,Duke University,Durham,United States; 46.Duke Global Health Institute,Duke University,Durham,United States; 47.School of Public Health and Community Medicine,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia; 48.Department of Public Health,The Intercountry Centre for Oral Health (ICOH) for Africa,Jos,Nigeria; 49.Department of Public Health,Federal Ministry of Health,Garki,Nigeria; 50.Mayo Evidence-based Practice Center,Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research,Rochester,United States; 51.John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine,Washington University in St. Louis,St Louis,United States; 52.Clinical Epidemiology Center,Department of Veterans Affairs,St Louis,United States; 53.Murdoch Business School,Murdoch University,Perth,Australia; 54.Department of Community Health and Epidemiology,Dalhousie University,Halifax,Canada; 55.Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University,Dammam,Saudi Arabia; 56.Health Information Management and Technology Department,Dammam,Saudi Arabia; 57.College of Medicine and Health Science,Arba Minch University,Arba Minch,Ethiopia; 58.Department of Midwifery,Arba Minch University,Arba Minch,Ethiopia; 59.Department of Cardiac Sciences,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia; 60.Department of Biotechnology,Quaid-i-Azam University,Islamabad,Pakistan; 61.Department of Information Systems,College of Economics and Political Science,Sultan Qaboos University,Muscat,Oman; 62.Directorate for Social Statistics and Population Census,Italian National Institute of Statistics,Rome,Italy; 63.Department of Health Care Management and Economics,Urmia University of Medical Science,Urmia,Iran; 64.Health Economics Department,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran; 65.Health Management and Economics Research Center,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran; 66.Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center,Bandar Abbas,Iran; 67.Department of Health Policy and Management,Kuwait University,Safat,Kuwait; 68.International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding,National University of Malaysia,Bandar Tun Razak,Malaysia; 69.Bordeaux School of Public Health,University of Bordeaux,Bordeaux,France; 70.Department of Global Public Health,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden; 71.Department of Epidemiology,Arak University of Medical Sciences,Arak,Iran; 72.Medical Research Center,Jazan,Saudi Arabia; 73.Department of Parasitology,Sana'a University,Sana'a,Yemen; 74.Research Program of Epidemiology and Public Health,Pompeu Fabra University,Barcelona,Spain; 75.Department of Experimental and Health Sciences,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CiberESP),Madrid,Spain; 76.Pediatric Intensive Care Unit,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia; 77.Health Management and Economics Reasearch Center,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,Isfahan,Iran; 78.Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,Kermanshah,Iran; 79.Maternal and Child Wellbeing,African Population and Health Research Center,Nairobi,Kenya; 80.Pharmacy Department,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Bucharest,Romania; 81.Neurology Department,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital,Brisbane,Australia; 82.Cardiology Department,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Bucharest,Romania; 83.Department of Statistics and Econometrics,Bucharest University of Economic Studies,Bucharest,Romania; 84.School of Health and Related Research,University of Sheffield,Sheffield,United Kingdom; 85.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences,Rafsanjan,Iran; 86.Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine,Tabriz,Iran; 87.Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute,Agricultural Research,Education,and Extension Organization (AREEO),Tehran,Iran; 88.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Zahedan University of Medical Sciences,Zahedan,Iran; 89.Research Center on Public Health,University of Milan Bicocca,Monza,Italy; 90.Department of Health Policy and Administration,University of the Philippines Manila,Manila,Philippines; 91.Department of Applied Social Sciences,Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong,Hong Kong; 92.Agribusiness Study Program,Sebelas Maret University,Surakarta,Indonesia; 93.Department of Parasitology,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari,Iran; 94.Department of Parasitology,Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences,Iranshahr,Iran; 95.Department of Pathology,Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia; 96.Department of Sociology and Social Work,Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology,Kumasi,Ghana; 97.Center for International Health,Ludwig Maximilians University,Munich,Germany; 98.Determinants of Health Research Center,Birjand University of Medical Sciences,Birjand,Iran; 99.Department of Applied Math,Seattle,United States; 100.Regional Centre for the Analysis of Data on Occupational and Work-related Injuries and Diseases,Local Health Unit Tuscany Centre,Florence,Italy; 101.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Saveh University of Medical Sciences,Saveh,Iran; 102.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Yasuj University of Medical Sciences,Yasuj,Iran; 103.Department of Neurobiology,Care Sciences and Society,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden; 104.School of Health and Social Studies,Dalarna University,Falun,Sweden; 105.School of Nursing and Midwifery,Babol,Iran; 106.Babol University of Medical Sciences,Babol,Iran; 107.Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran; 108.Epilepsy Research Center,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran; 109.Neurology Department,Thomas Jefferson University,Philadelphia,United States; 110.Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center,Kermanshah,Iran; 111.Department of Health System and Health Economics,Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia; 112.Faculty of Nursing,Philadelphia University,Amman,Jordan; 113.Gastroenterology Department,University of Liège,Liège,Belgium; 114.School of Business,University of Leicester,Leicester,United Kingdom; 115.The Judith Lumley Centre,Curtin University,Perth,Australia; 116.School of Public Health,Curtin University,Perth,Australia; 117.Department of Health Policy Planning and Management,University of Health and Allied Sciences,Ho,Ghana; 118.Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Hamadan,Iran; 119.Department of Reproductive Health,University of Gondar,Gondar,Ethiopia; 120.Public Health Risk Sciences Division,Public Health Agency of Canada,Toronto,Canada; 121.Department of Nutritional Sciences,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada; 122.Department of Forensic Science,Government Institute of Forensic Science,Nagpur,India; 123.Department of Healthcare Management and Education,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran; 124.Department of Anesthesiology,Hamedan University of Medical Sciences,Hamadan,Iran; 125.Department of Health Policy,Management,and Economics,Tehran,Iran; 126.Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology,Mangalore,India; 127.Epidemiology Department,Local Health Authority of Florence,Firenze,Italy; 128.Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition,Deakin University,Burwood,Australia; 129.Department of Epidemiology,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,United States; 130.Department of Prevention,USL Tuscany Center,Florence,Italy; 131.Department of Hypertension,Medical University of Lodz,Lodz,Poland; 132.Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute,Lodz,Poland; 133.School of Health Sciences,Walden University,Minneapolis,United States; 134.Department of Nursing,Arba Minch University,Arba Minch,Ethiopia; 135.School of Psychology,University of Auckland,Auckland,New Zealand; 136.T.H. Chan School of Public Health,Boston,United States; 137.Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH),Heidelberg University,Heidelberg,Germany; 138.Department of Industrial Engineering,Pontifical Javeriana University,Bogota,Colombia; 139.Department of Non-communicable Diseases,Bangladesh University of Health Sciences,Dhaka,Bangladesh; 140.Center for Primary Care,Boston,United States; 141.School of Public Health,Imperial College London,London,United Kingdom; 142.Department of Psychiatry,University of Münster,Münster,Germany; 143.Department of Psychiatry,Melbourne Medical School,Melbourne,Australia; 144.Health Human Resources Research Center,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran; 145.Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,University of North Carolina Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill,United States; 146.Jazan University,Jazan,Saudi Arabia; 147.Department of Community Medicine,Gandhi Medical College Bhopal,Bhopal,India; 148.Department of Neuroscience,Milan,Italy; 149.Department of Neurology,University Hospital of Dijon,Dijon,France; 150.Dijon Stroke Registry - UFR Sciences Santé,University of Burgundy,Dijon,France; 151.School of the Environment,Yale University,New Haven,United States; 152.Department of Internal Medicine,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil; 153.Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia; 154.Department of Medicine,Medical College of Georgia,Augusta University,Augusta,United States; 155.Department of Internal Medicine,United Arab Emirates University,Al Ain,United Arab Emirates; 156.Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy,Charles University,Prague,Czech Republic; 157.Department of Health Information Management,Mangalore,India; 158.Manipal Academy of Higher Education,Mangalore,India; 159.Institutes of Applied Health Research and Translational Medicine,Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham,Birmingham,United Kingdom; 160.Institute of Applied Health Research,University of Birmingham,Birmingham,United Kingdom; 161.School of Public Health,University of Adelaide,Adelaide,Australia; 162.Public Health Research Laboratory,Tribhuvan University,Kathmandu,Nepal; 163.Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics,National Institute of Biomedical Genomics,Kalyani,India; 164.Department of Statistics,University of Calcutta,Kolkata,India; 165.Centre for Global Child Health,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada; 166.Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan; 167.Social Determinants of Health Research Center,Babol,Iran; 168.Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research,Milan,Italy; 169.National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health,Australian National University,Canberra,Australia; 170.Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology,University of Dhaka,Dhaka,Bangladesh; 171.Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties,University of Catania,Catania,Italy; 172.Ethiopian Public Health Institute,Adis Ababa,Ethiopia; 173.Department of Nursing,Debre Tabor University,Debretabor,Ethiopia; 174.Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia; 175.School of Pharmacy,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia; 176.Department of Veterinary Medicine,Islamic Azad University,Kermanshah,Iran; 177.Department of Computer Science and Information Technology,Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences,Zanjan,Iran; 178.Department of Research and Innovation,Petanux Research GmBH,Bonn,Germany; 179.Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research,Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry,Mexico City,Mexico; 180.Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,University of Catania,Catania,Italy; 181.Department of Endocrinology,Hamadan,Iran; 182.Department of Oncology,Milan,Italy; 183.Division of Hematology and Oncology,Georgetown University,Washington DC,United States; 184.School of Population and Public Health,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,Canada; 185.Department of Psychology,Ohio State University,Columbus,United States; 186.Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Department,Ohio State University,Columbus,United States; 187.Institute for Medical Information Processing,Biometry,and Epidemiology,Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich,Munich,Germany; 188.Institute of Epidemiology,German Research Center for Environmental Health,Neuherberg,Germany; 189.Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research,German Cancer Research Center,Heidelberg,Germany; 190.Department of Biomedical Technologies,Bauman Moscow State Technical University,Moscow,Russian Federation; 191.Department of Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University,Moscow,Russian Federation; 192.Neuroscience Unit,Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services,Panama City,Panama; 193.Population Studies Division,Health Canada,Ottawa,Canada; 194.Department of Community Medicine,Employee State Insurance Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research,Bengalore,India; 195.School of Public Health and Health Systems,University of Waterloo,Waterloo,Canada; 196.Al Shifa School of Public Health,Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital,Rawalpindi,Pakistan; 197.Institute of Microengineering,Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne,Lausanne,Switzerland; 198.Department of Nutrition,Boston,United States; 199.Internal Medicine Department,Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires,Buenos Aires,Argentina; 200.Health and Nutrition Research Center,Cuernavaca,Mexico; 201.Department of Health Care,Metropolitan Autonomous University,Mexico City,Mexico; 202.Institute for Cancer Research,Prevention and Clinical Network,Florence,Italy; 203.Department of Medical,Karolinska Institutet,Epidemiology and Biostatistics,Stockholm,Sweden; 204.Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO),University of Porto,Porto,Portugal; 205.Department of Psychiatry,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil; 206.Colombian National Health Observatory,National Institute of Health,Bogota,Colombia; 207.Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group,National University of Colombia,Bogota,Colombia; 208.Department of Medicine,University of Udine,Udine,Italy; 209.Department of Mental Health,Healthcare Agency "Friuli Occidentale",Pordenone,Italy; 210.Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies,Panama,Panama; 211.Department of Physiology and Pharmacology,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden; 212.National Institute of Health Research,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre,University of Nottingham,Nottingham,United Kingdom; 213.Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research,Australian Catholic University,Melbourne,Australia; 214.Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,University of Colorado,Boulder,United States; 215.Chemical Sciences Division,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory,Boulder,United States; 216.Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research,The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia; 217.Department of Medicine,University of Toronto,Toronto,Canada; 218.Research Department,D.Y. Patil University,Pune,India; 219.Research School of Population Health,Australian National University,Canberra,Australia; 220.Institute of Industrial Ecological Science,University of Occupational and Environmental Health,Kitakyushu,Japan; 221.Division of Plastic Surgery,Seattle,United States; 222.Biomedical Informatics,Seoul National University Hospital,Seoul,South Korea; 223.Bispebjerg Hospital,University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark; 224.Faculty of Biology,Hanoi National University of Education,Hanoi,Viet Nam; 225.Department of Otolaryngology,Wayne State University,Detroit,United States; 226.Department of Health Informatics,University College London,London,United Kingdom; 227.Health Data Research UK,London,United Kingdom; 228.School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine,Monash University,Melbourne,Australia; 229.School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences,University of South Australia,Adelaide,Australia; 230.Adelaide Medical School,University of Adelaide,Adelaide,Australia; 231.Department of Public Health,University of Naples Federico II,Naples,Italy; 232.Department of Key Questions and International Cooperation,North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) Centre for Health,Bochum,Germany; 233.Bielefeld School of Public Health,Bielefeld University,Bielefeld,Germany; 234.Health Effects Institute,Boston,United States; 235.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Chemical Sciences Laboratory,Boulder,United States; 236.Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology,Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul,Porto Alegre,Brazil; 237.Department of Psychology,University of the Free State,Park West,South Africa; 238.Office of the Director,National Institutes of Health,Bethesda,United States; 239.Environmental Health Department,Dammam,Saudi Arabia; 240.Faculty of Medicine,Eduardo Mondlane University,Maputo,Mozambique; 241.Clinical Dermatology,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi,University of Milan,Milan,Italy; 242.Department of Dermatology,Case Western Reserve University,Cleveland,United States; 243.Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine,King's College London,London,United Kingdom; 244.Department of Clinical Toxicology,Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust,London,United Kingdom; 245.Department of Information Technology,University of Human Development,Sulaymaniyah,Iraq; 246.Toxoplasmosis Research Center,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari,Iran; 247.Division of Women and Child Health,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan; 248.Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,University of South Carolina,Columbia,United States; 249.James P Grant School of Public Health,BRAC University,Dhaka,Bangladesh; 250.Institute for Research and Innovation in Health,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal; 251.Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB),University of Porto,Porto,Portugal; 252.Department of Population and Development,Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico,Mexico City,Mexico; 253.Department of General Surgery,Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy,Bucharest,Romania; 254.Department of Surgery,Clinical Emergency Hospital Sf. Pantelimon,Bucharest,Romania; 255.Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention,Griffith University,Nathan,Australia; 256.National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre,University of New South Wales,Sydney,Australia; 257.Dermatology Service,Department of Veterans Affairs,St Louis,United States; 258.Department of Dermatology,University of Colorado Denver,Aurora,United States; 259.Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences,Bahir Dar University,Bahir Dar,Ethiopia; 260.School of Pharmacy,Aksum University,Aksum,Ethiopia; 261.Department of Pharmacy,Adigrat University,Adigrat,Ethiopia; 262.Center for Nutrition and Health Research,Cuernavaca,Mexico; 263.St Paul's Eye Unit,Royal Liverpool University Hospital,Liverpool,United Kingdom; 264.Department of Ophthalmology,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Thessaloniki,Greece; 265.Department of Microbiology,Far Western University,Mahendranagar,Nepal; 266.Department of Epidemiology,Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,Shiraz,Iran; 267.Laboratory of Toxicology,University of Porto,Porto,Portugal; 268.Center of Complexity Sciences,National Autonomous University of Mexico,Mexico City,Mexico; 269.Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran; 270.Development of Research and Technology Center,Ministry of Health and Medical Education,Tehran,Iran; 271.Center of Excellence in Public Health Nutrition,Nguyen Tat Thanh University,Ho Chi Minh City,Viet Nam; 272.Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation,Medical University of Varna,Varna,Bulgaria; 273.Faculty of Allied Medicine,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran; 274.Department of Health Policy and Management,Tabriz,Iran; 275.Sydney School of Public Health,Sydney,Australia; 276.School of Medicine,Federal University of Bahia,Salvador,Brazil; 277.Department of Internal Medicine,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública,Salvador,Brazil; 278.Department of Global Health and Social Medicine,Boston,United States; 279.Department of Social Services,Tufts Medical Center,Boston,United States; 280.School of Nursing and Midwifery,La Trobe University,Melbourne,Australia; 281.Department of Nursing,Umeå University,Umea,Sweden; 282.Department of Neurology,Ain Shams University,Cairo,Egypt; 283.Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department,Alexandria University,Alexandria,Egypt; 284.Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department,Alexandria University,Alexandria,Egypt; 285.Department of Public Health,Abu Dhabi University,Khalifa City,United Arab Emirates; 286.Cardiology Department,Boston,United States; 287.Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology,Jakarta,Indonesia; 288.School of Public Health,The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia; 289.Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research,Brisbane,Australia; 290.Multiple Sclerosis Research Center,Tehran,Iran; 291.Tehran Medical Sciences Branch,Islamic Azad University,Kermanshah,Iran; 292.Department of Physiology,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran; 293.Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center,Tehran,Iran; 294.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,National Cancer Institute,Bethesda,United States; 295.Unit of Medical Physiology,Hawassa University,Hawassa,Ethiopia; 296.School of Advanced International Studies,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,United States; 297.School of Public Health,Tehran,Iran; 298.College of Medicine,Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia; 299.Department of Medical Parasitology,Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,Sari,Iran; 300.Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences,University of Bologna,Bologna,Italy; 301.Department of Psychology,Federal University of Sergipe,São Cristóvão,Brazil; 302.Non-communicable Diseases Research Center,Tehran,Iran; 303.Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health,Kermanshah,Iran; 304.Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Tehran,Iran; 305.Department of Environmental Health Engineering,Ardabil University of Medical Science,Ardabil,Iran; 306.National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences,Auckland University of Technology,Auckland,New Zealand; 307.Department of Neurobiology,Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden; 308.Division of Neurology,University of Ottawa,Ottawa,Canada; 309.Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV),University of Porto,Porto,Portugal; 310.Institute of Bone and Joint Research,Sydney,Australia; 311.Psychiatry Department,Kaiser Permanente,Fontana,United States; 312.School of Health Sciences,A.T. Still University,Mesa,United States; 313.Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research,Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences,Weingarten,Germany; 314.James Cancer Hospital,Ohio State University,Columbus,United States; 315.Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health,Rio de Janeiro,Brazil; 316.Institute of Gerontology,National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine,Kyiv,Ukraine; 317.Department of Child Dental Health,Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife,Nigeria; 318.Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology,Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology,Moscow,Russian Federation; 319.Department of Global Pediatric Medicine,St Jude Children's Research Hospital,Memphis,United States; 320.Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences,Abadan School of Medical Sciences,Abadan,Iran; 321.College of Public Health,Medical,and Veterinary Sciences,James Cook University,Douglas,Australia; 322.Department of Dermatology,Kobe University,Kobe,Japan; 323.Division of Ophthalmology,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil; 324.Gillings School of Global Public Health,University of North Carolina Chapel Hill,Chapel Hill,United States; 325.Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,United States; 326.Department of Environmental Health Sciences,Milan,Italy; 327.Department of Tuberculosis,Manhiça Health Research Center (CISM),Manhiça,Mozambique; 328.Viral and Bacterial Infections Research Program,Barcelona,Spain; 329.Department of Public Health,Madda Walabu University,Bale Robe,Ethiopia; 330.Department of Reproductive Health,Mekelle University,Mekelle,Ethiopia; 331.Department of Environmental Health,Haramaya University,Harar,Ethiopia; 332.Department of Public Health,Curtin University,Perth,Australia; 333.Telethon Kids Institute,Perth,Australia; 334.Department of Radiology and Radiological Science,Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore,United States; 335.Infectious Disease Research Center,Kermanshah,Iran; 336.Pediatric Department,Kermanshah,Iran; 337.Department of Parasitology and Entomology,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran; 338.Department of Medical Surgical Nursing,Tabriz,Iran; 339.Occupational Health Department,Arak University of Medical Sciences,Arak,Iran; 340.Student Research Committee,Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran; 341.Institute of Health Research,University of Exeter,Exeter,United Kingdom; 342.Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology,Technical University of Denmark,Copenhagen,Denmark; 343.Department of Biology,Islamic Azad University,Kermanshah,Iran; 344.Young Researchers and Elite Club,Islamic Azad University,Kermanshah,Iran; 345.Institute for Global Health Sciences,University of California San Francisco,San Francisco,United States; 346.Medical School,University of Warwick,Coventry,United Kingdom; 347.Discipline of Public Health Medicine,Durban,South Africa; 348.University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durban,South Africa; 349.Laboratory of Neurological Disorders,Milan,Italy; 350.Third Department of Neurology,Moscow,Russian Federation; 351.Hudson College of Public Health,University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,Oklahoma City,United States; 352.Department of Health and Social Affairs,Government of the Federated States of Micronesia,Palikir,Federated States of Micronesia; 353.Oncological Network,Prevention and Research Institute,Florence,Italy; 354.Center for Environmental and Health Sciences,Hokkaido University,Sapporo,Japan; 355.Department of Respiratory Medicine,Hokkaido University,Sapporo,Japan; 356.Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research,University of São Paulo,São Paulo,Brazil; 357.Department of Primary Care and Public Health,Imperial College London,London,United Kingdom; 358.Health Improvement Directorate,London,United Kingdom; 359.Institute of Public Health,College of Medicine and Health Sciences,United Arab Emirates University,Al Ain,United Arab Emirates; 360.Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine,Charles University,Prague,Czech Republic; 361.Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences,University of Catania,Catania,Italy; 362.Department of Family and Community Medicine,University of Sulaimani,Sulaimani,Iraq; 363.Department of Epidemiology,Saint James School of Medicine,The Valley,Anguilla; 364.Department of Microbiology,Saint James School of Medicine,The Valley,Anguilla; 365.Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health (IPTSP),Federal University of Goias,Goiânia,Brazil; 366.College of Medicine and Health Science,Jigjiga University,Jijiga,Ethiopia; 367.Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine,Monash University,Melbourne,Australia; 368.Department of Epidemiology,Binzhou Medical University,Yantai City,China; 369.Department of Preventive Cardiology,Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute,Jaipur,India; 370.Department of Medicine,Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences,Jaipur,India; 371.Medical Resources,March of Dimes,Arlington,United States; 372.Health Policy,Management and Leadership,West Virginia University,School of Public Health,Morgantown,United States; 373.Department of Civil Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur,Kanpur,India; 374.School of Medicine,Tehran,Iran; 375.MSc Epidemiology Programme,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,London,United Kingdom; 376.College of Medicine,Umm AL Qura University,Makkah,Saudi Arabia; 377.Obesity Research Center,Tehran,Iran; 378.Department of Pharmacology,Tehran,Iran; 379.Department of Psychology,University of Macau,Macao; 380.Department of Anatomical Sciences,Tarbiat Modares University,Tehran,Iran; 381.Department of Family and Community Medicine,Arabian Gulf University,Manama,Bahrain; 382.School of Health and Environmental Studies,Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University,Dubai,United Arab Emirates; 383.Department of Energy,Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Washington University in St. Louis,St Louis,United States; 384.Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science,Dalhousie University,Halifax,Canada; 385.Medical School,University of Western Australia,Perth,Australia; 386.Department of Neurology,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital,Perth,Australia; 387.Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,Tabriz,Iran; 388.Research Unit,University of Barcelona,Barcelona,Spain; 389.Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM),Barcelona,Spain; 390.Department of Zoology and Entomology,Al Azhar University,Cairo,Egypt; 391.ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families Over the Life Course,The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia; 392.Institute for Social Science Research,The University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia; 393.Department of Healthcare Management,Maragheh University of Medical Sciences,Maragheh,Iran; 394.Department of Public Health,Jigjiga University,Jijiga,Ethiopia; 395.Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center,Guilan University of Medical Sciences,Rasht,Iran; 396.Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center,Guilan University of Medical Sciences,Rasht,Iran; 397.School of Nursing and Midwifery,Tabriz
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Abbafati, Cristiana,Abbas, Kaja M.,Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen,et al. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. The Lancet,2020,396(10258):1223-1249.
APA	Abbafati, Cristiana., Abbas, Kaja M.., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen., Abd-Allah, Foad., Abdelalim, Ahmed., ... & Murray, Christopher J.L.. (2020). Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 396(10258), 1223-1249.
MLA	Abbafati, Cristiana,et al."Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019".The Lancet 396.10258(2020):1223-1249.